@article {shirley_a._murphy_changes_1999,
	title = {Changes in Parents{\textquoteright} Mental Distress After the Violent Death of an Adolescent or Young Adult Child: A Longitudinal Prospective Analysis},
	journal = {Death Studies},
	volume = {23},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {129{\textendash}159},
	abstract = {<p>This study examined changes in bereaved parents{\textquoteright} mental distress following the violent deaths of their 12 - to 28 - year - old children . A community - based sample of 171 bereaved mothers and 90 fathers was recruited by a review of medical examiner records . Data were collected 4 , 12 , and 24 months post - death . Repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant reductions in 8 of 10 measures of mental distress among mothers and 4 of 10 for fathers , with the most change for both genders occurring between 4 and 12 months post - death . During the 2nd year of bereavement , mothers{\textquoteright} symptoms continued to decline , whereas fathers , who started out with less distress than mothers , reported slight increases in 5 of 10 symptom domains . Nonetheless , 2 years after the deaths , mothers{\textquoteright} mental distress scores were to 5 times higher than those of {\textquotedblright}typical{\textquotedblright} U . S . women and fathers{\textquoteright} scores were to 4 times higher than {\textquotedblright}typical{\textquotedblright} U . S . men . Of the 7 intervening variables , higher scores on self - esteem and self - efficacy predicted lower distress for mothers and fathers 4 , 12 , and 24 months post - death . Repressive coping was of distress among fathers . It was concluded that violent death bereavement sustained , distressing consequences on parents of children who die as a result of , homicides , and suicide .</p>
},
	issn = {0748-1187},
	doi = {10.1080/074811899201118},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/074811899201118},
	author = {Murphy, SA and Gupta, AD and Cain, KC and Johnson, LC and Wu, L and Mekwa, J}
}
